Yes, cats can get cancer, just like humans. Cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, but early detection and treatment at a specialised cancer clinic can significantly improve a cat’s quality of life, and in some cases, even lead to recovery. In this article, we’ll explore the common types of cancer in cats, symptoms to watch for, treatment options, and when to seek care at a veterinary cancer clinic to help pet owners manage this difficult diagnosis.
What Types of Cancer Can Cats Get?
Like other animals, cats can develop cancer in various forms. Below are the most common types of cancer found in felines:
1. Lymphoma
Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in cats, affecting the immune system’s lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). This cancer can manifest in different areas of the body, including the intestines, chest, and kidneys. Cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are at a higher risk of developing lymphoma.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that typically affects areas exposed to sunlight, such as the nose, ears, and eyelids. White or light-coloured cats are more susceptible to this form of cancer due to their lack of protective pigmentation.
3. Mammary Cancer
Mammary (breast) cancer is more common in unspayed female cats. Approximately 85% of mammary tumours in cats are malignant, meaning they are aggressive and can spread quickly to other parts of the body. Early detection and spaying your cat can reduce the risk of this cancer.
4. Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in the fibrous connective tissues. It often presents as a lump under the skin and is typically slow-growing, but it can be invasive, affecting the surrounding tissues. Some studies suggest a possible link between fibrosarcoma and injection sites (vaccine-associated sarcomas), though this is still debated.
Symptoms of Cancer in Cats
Cancer in cats can manifest in a wide range of symptoms, depending on the type and location of the tumour. While these signs don’t always mean your cat has cancer, they should prompt a visit to the veterinarian. Here are common symptoms of cancer in cats:
- Lumps or bumps: Any unusual mass on your cat’s body should be examined by a vet. Not all lumps are cancerous, but early detection is key.
- Weight loss: Sudden or unexplained weight loss, even if your cat’s appetite remains unchanged, can be a sign of cancer or other serious health issues.
- Loss of appetite: Cancer may cause a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss and malnutrition.
- Lethargy and weakness: Cats with cancer may show reduced energy levels, spending more time sleeping or avoiding activity.
- Vomiting or diarrhoea: Persistent gastrointestinal issues could be a sign of gastrointestinal cancer or other underlying problems.
- Difficulty breathing: If the cancer affects the lungs or chest, you may notice your cat panting or having difficulty breathing.
- Sores that don’t heal: Persistent sores or wounds, especially in light-exposed areas, could indicate skin cancer.
- Changes in behaviour: Increased hiding, aggression, or other behavioural changes can indicate that your cat is in pain or discomfort.
Diagnosing Cancer in Cats
If your cat exhibits any of the above symptoms, it’s essential to seek veterinary attention immediately. Diagnosing cancer in cats involves several steps:
- Physical Examination: A veterinarian will start with a thorough physical exam, checking for any abnormal masses or signs of illness.
- Diagnostic Imaging: X-rays, ultrasounds, and CT scans are commonly used to locate tumours and assess the extent of cancer’s spread.
- Blood Tests: Blood work can help identify changes in organ function or the presence of certain cancers, such as lymphoma.
- Biopsy: A biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken from a suspected tumour, is the most definitive way to diagnose cancer. The sample is examined microscopically to determine if it is cancerous.
Treatment Options for Cancer in Cats
Once diagnosed, the treatment plan will depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the overall health of your cat. Common treatment options include:
1. Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumour is often the first line of defence, especially if the cancer is localised and has not spread. In some cases, complete removal can cure the cancer, but for more aggressive forms, surgery may need to be combined with other treatments.
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to target and kill cancer cells. This treatment is often used for cancers like lymphoma, which may be widespread and not amenable to surgery. While chemotherapy can extend the life of a cat, it is not a cure and can have side effects such as lethargy, vomiting, and decreased appetite.
3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy involves using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. This is particularly useful for cancers that are not easily removed surgically, such as squamous cell carcinoma or nasal tumours.
4. Palliative Care
If the cancer is too advanced to be cured, palliative care focuses on keeping the cat comfortable and maintaining their quality of life. Pain relief and symptom management are the primary goals in these cases.
Prognosis and Life Expectancy
The prognosis for a cat with cancer depends on various factors, including the type of cancer, its stage at diagnosis, and the treatment approach. Some cancers, like lymphoma, can be managed for months or even years with treatment, while others may have a poorer prognosis.
In general, early detection and prompt treatment improve the chances of successful outcomes. However, aggressive cancers or those that have spread to multiple organs may have a more guarded prognosis.
When to See a Vet
If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned earlier, don’t hesitate to contact your veterinarian. Early intervention is crucial in managing cancer and improving your cat’s quality of life. For expert care and advanced treatment options, consider visiting a specialised veterinary cancer clinic. You can learn more about feline oncology services at Treendale Pet Medical Cancer Clinic, which offers comprehensive cancer care for cats, including diagnostics, surgery, and treatment options.
